Apa Itu Bitcoin? Panduan Santai Buat Orang Biasa

🇮🇩 Bahasa Indonesia

1. Pendahuluan: Uang, Tapi Bukan Sembarangan Uang

Oke, jadi gini.

Bitcoin itu uang. Tapi bukan uang biasa kayak yang lo taruh di dompet atau saldo e-wallet.

Bitcoin itu kayak... emas versi internet, tapi bisa dikirim kayak chat WhatsApp. Aneh? Iya. Tapi keren.

Bayangin lo bisa kirim duit ke siapa pun di dunia, tanpa izin bank, tanpa buka aplikasi yang minta KTP lo, dan gak bisa diblokir.

Bitcoin itu revolusi. Tapi bukan revolusi berdarah, ini revolusi digital.

2. Sejarah Singkat Bitcoin (Alias Cerita Orang Misterius)

Bitcoin pertama kali muncul di internet tahun 2009.

Dibuat sama seseorang (atau sekelompok orang) bernama Satoshi Nakamoto.

Siapa dia? Gak ada yang tahu.

Udah kayak hantu baik hati: datang, nyelametin sistem keuangan, terus hilang.

Tapi sebelum itu, tahun 2008, dunia lagi krisis. Bank-bank besar bangkrut, pemerintah nyetak uang seenaknya, dan masyarakat biasa yang kena getahnya.

Nah, Satoshi bikin Bitcoin sebagai solusi: uang digital yang gak bisa dimanipulasi siapa pun.

3. Bitcoin Itu Apa Sih, Secara Teknis?

Sederhananya: Bitcoin itu program komputer yang jalan di jaringan ribuan komputer di seluruh dunia (disebut blockchain).

Gak ada kantor pusat. Gak ada bos. Semuanya transparan dan bisa dicek.

Bayangin warung yang catatan keuangannya bisa dilihat semua orang, tapi gak ada yang bisa ubah isinya.

Lo bisa kirim dan nerima Bitcoin langsung dari HP lo, tanpa tanya-tanya “ijin dulu dong pak Bank.”

4. Gimana Bitcoin Bisa Aman?

Bitcoin aman karena pakai teknologi yang namanya kriptografi.

Setiap transaksi dikunci pakai matematika rumit yang bikin hacker mikir dua kali sebelum niat jahat.

Semua transaksi dicatat di jaringan, terus diverifikasi bareng-bareng sama ribuan komputer (disebut node).

Hasilnya?

Gak bisa ngaku-ngaku,

Gak bisa dibalikin,

Dan... sekali dicatat, gak bisa dihapus.

Anggap aja kayak nulis di batu, tapi batunya nyebar di seluruh dunia.

Sebagai gambaran, setiap transaksi Bitcoin dibungkus pakai SHA-256 hash.

Artinya? Setiap data transaksi diubah jadi 256 karakter acak yang gak bisa dibalik atau ditebak.

Inilah salah satu kekuatan utama sistem Bitcoin.

5. Berapa Banyak Bitcoin di Dunia?

Cuma ada 21 juta Bitcoin yang akan pernah ada. Titik.

Gak bisa ditambah. Gak bisa dicetak seenaknya kayak uang kertas kalau lagi krisis.

Setiap 10 menit, “penambang” (miners) bikin blok baru dan dapet hadiah berupa Bitcoin baru. Tapi hadiah ini akan terus berkurang (halving), sampai akhirnya gak ada lagi yang baru dicetak.

Itulah kenapa Bitcoin disebut “emas digital.”

Langka, dan makin lama makin susah dicari.

Tapi ada fenomena unik yang menambah kelangkaan, yaitu wallet yang gak bisa diakses lagi, dan lupa seed pharse, mengurangi kuota Bitcoin, untuk gambaran saja berikut tabel terkini peredaran jumlah Bitcoin hingga postingan ini dibuat.

🔍 Keterangan	📊 Angka (Per Juli 2025)
🪙 Total Maksimal Bitcoin	21.000.000 BTC
⛏️ Sudah Ditambang	±19.700.000 BTC (~94%)
💰 Belum Ditambang	±1.300.000 BTC
🛠️ Estimasi Bitcoin Hilang	±2.500.000 – 4.000.000 BTC
🧟‍♂️ BTC Zombi (Milik Satoshi)	±1.000.000 BTC
🎯 Supply Aktif	±15.600.000 – 17.400.000 BTC

6. Apa Itu Satoshi?

Lo gak harus beli 1 Bitcoin yang harganya sudah di miliaran rupiah ketika post ini dibuat.

Lo bisa beli pecahannya, disebut satoshi.

1 Bitcoin = 100.000.000 satoshi

Jadi misalnya lo punya 10.000 satoshi, itu juga udah bagian dari Bitcoin.

Sama kayak punya 10 ribu perak dari pecahan 100-an.

7. Buat Apa Bitcoin?

Banyak banget. Ini beberapa:

• Kirim uang lintas negara tanpa biaya mahal
• Simpan nilai (hedge) dari inflasi
• Alat donasi tanpa sensor
• Alat bertahan hidup di negara represif
• Atau… simpen buat masa depan anak lo

8. Cara Pake Bitcoin?

1. Install wallet (contoh: BlueWallet, Muun, Phoenix)
2. Catat seed phrase (12 kata ajaib, jangan sampai ilang)
3. Lo udah punya alamat Bitcoin pribadi
4. Lo bisa terima atau kirim Bitcoin
5. Lo bisa cek saldo dan histori kapan aja

9. Bitcoin vs E-wallet: Beda Banget

⚙️ Fitur	📱 E-Wallet	₿ Bitcoin
Butuh KTP & verifikasi	Iya	Gak perlu
Bisa dibekukan?	Bisa banget	Gak bisa sama sekali
Pusat kontrol	Ada (bank/perusahaan)	Gak ada (decentralized)
Transparansi transaksi	Terbatas	100% transparan
Jumlah bisa ditambah?	Bisa (inflasi)	Gak bisa (maks 21 juta)

10. Kekurangan Bitcoin?

Gak sempurna juga :

• Harga bisa naik-turun ekstrem (volatilitas)
• Butuh edukasi dulu (gak semua orang ngerti)
• Banyak penipuan yang pakai embel-embel “Bitcoin”
• Transaksi bisa mahal kalau jaringan lagi rame (tapi bisa diatur pake fee rendah & RBF)

Memang tanpa izin pak bank, tapi setiap transaksi on-chain butuh miner buat masukin transaksi lo ke blok, dan fee ke miner tergantung hectic atau sepi, semakin padat jaringan bisa tembus ratusan sat/vb.

Untuk menyiasatinya lo transaksi dijam sepi, sebelum transaski cek dulu di https://mempool.space/ 

Semakin besar fee semakin cepat masuk blok, makanya cek high priority, kalo high priority di 4sat/vb maka jangan pasang 100sat/vb cepet sih masuk blok tapi.....ya agak bodoh, kecuali lo kaya.

11. Jadi... Harus Beli Bitcoin?

Gak harus langsung beli.

Belajar dulu. Coba simpan sedikit-sedikit (DCA).

Atau terima dari teman yang mau donasi satoshi.

Yang penting: ngerti dulu kenapa Bitcoin itu penting.

12. Penutup

Bitcoin bukan cuma soal teknologi. Ini soal filosofi.

Tentang punya kontrol penuh atas uang lo sendiri.

Tentang gak minta izin buat ngirim uang.

Tentang kebebasan.

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🇬🇧 English Version

What Is Bitcoin? A Fun & Simple Guide for Normal Humans

1. Introduction: Money, But Not Your Usual Money

Bitcoin is money, but not the kind you put in your wallet or e-wallet.

It’s like digital gold, but you can send it like a WhatsApp message. Weird? Yes. Cool? Also yes.

Imagine sending money to anyone, anywhere, anytime, without asking permission from banks, apps, or governments.

Bitcoin is a revolution. A quiet, digital, global revolution.

2. A Bit of History (Spoiler: Mysterious Hero)

Bitcoin appeared in 2009, created by someone (or a group?) named Satoshi Nakamoto.

Who is that? Nobody knows.

Like a financial Batman helped us, then vanished.

Back in 2008, the world was in crisis. Banks collapsed. Governments printed more money.

Satoshi’s answer? Bitcoin: a money system that no one can manipulate.

3. What Exactly Is Bitcoin?

In simple terms: Bitcoin is computer code that runs on thousands of machines globally (called the blockchain).

No CEO. No headquarters. 100% transparent.

Imagine a coffee shop where everyone can see the books, but no one can cheat the numbers.

You send Bitcoin straight from your phone number, KYC, no waiting, no nonsense.

4. How Is It Secure?

Bitcoin is secure because it uses a technology called cryptography.

Every transaction is locked with complex math that makes hackers think twice before doing anything shady.

All transactions are recorded on a network and then verified together by thousands of computers (called nodes).

The result?

No fake claims

No take-backs

And... once it’s recorded, it can’t be erased.

Think of it like carving something in stone, but the stone is spread all over the world.

To give you an idea, every Bitcoin transaction is wrapped in something called a SHA-256 hash.

What does that mean? Each transaction gets turned into a 256-character random string that can’t be reversed or guessed.

This is one of the core strengths of the Bitcoin system.

5. How Many Bitcoins Exist?

There will only ever be 21 million Bitcoin. Period.

No more can be added. No printing extra like fiat money during a crisis.

Every 10 minutes, miners create a new block and earn new Bitcoin as a reward.

But this reward keeps shrinking over time (called halving) until eventually, no new Bitcoin will be created.

That’s why Bitcoin is called "digital gold."

It’s rare, and the longer we go, the harder it is to get.

But there’s something that makes Bitcoin even scarcer:

lost wallets and forgotten seed phrases.

Once access is lost, those coins are gone forever, reducing the supply.

To give you a better picture, here’s the latest distribution data on how many Bitcoins are in circulation as of the time this post was written:

🔍 Description	📊 Numbers (As of July 2025)
🪙 Maximum Bitcoin Supply	21,000,000 BTC
⛏️ Mined So Far	±19,700,000 BTC (~94%)
💰 Yet to Be Mined	±1,300,000 BTC
🛠️ Estimated Lost Bitcoins	±2,500,000 – 4,000,000 BTC
🧟‍♂️ Zombie BTC (Satoshi's Holdings)	±1,000,000 BTC
🎯 Active Supply	±15,600,000 – 17,400,000 BTC

6. What’s a Satoshi?

You don’t need 1 full BTC (which costs a lot).

You can buy small pieces called satoshis.

1 BTC = 100,000,000 satoshis

So having 10,000 sats is already being a part of Bitcoin.

7. What Can You Use Bitcoin For?

• Cross-border payments
• Inflation hedge
• Unstoppable donations
• Survive in oppressive economies
• Long-term savings for your future self

8. How to Use It?

1. Download a wallet (BlueWallet, Muun, Phoenix)
2. Save your seed phrase (12 magic words!)
3. You get your own BTC address
4. Send or receive Bitcoin
5. Check your balance and history anytime

9. Bitcoin vs E-wallet

⚙️ Feature	📱 E-Wallet	₿ Bitcoin
Requires ID verification	Yes	Not required
Can it be frozen?	Absolutely	Not at all
Central authority	Yes (banks/companies)	None (decentralized)
Transaction transparency	Limited	100% transparent
Can the supply increase?	Yes (inflation)	No (max 21 million)

10. What’s the Catch?

It's not all sunshine and rainbows with Bitcoin:

• The price can swing wildly (volatility is real).
• You need to educate yourself first (not everyone gets it).
• Scammers love using the name “Bitcoin” to trick people.
• Transactions can be expensive when the network is crowded (but you can lower fees with RBF and smart timing).

Yes, Bitcoin doesn’t need Mr. Bank’s permission…

BUT every on-chain transaction needs to be added to a block by miners and that requires fees.

These fees depend on how hectic or chill the network is. The more crowded, the higher the fee it can spike to hundreds of sat/vByte.

Tips to save sats:

Transact during off-peak hours. Before sending, check mempool status here: https://mempool.space/

The bigger your fee, the faster your transaction gets confirmed. But if the high priority fee is at 4 sat/vB, don’t be that person who throws 100 sat/vB just to feel fast… unless you’re rich and bored.

11. Should You Buy Bitcoin?

Not necessarily.

Learn first. Start small.

Or accept satoshi donations.

The point is: understand why Bitcoin matters.

12. Final Thoughts

Bitcoin isn’t just technology, it’s philosophy.

It’s about owning your money.

It’s about not asking for permission.

It’s about freedom.